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A fully differential square frame resonator (SFR), operating at resonant frequencies of 6.184MHz and 17.63MHz for the fundamental and 2nd harmonic, respectively, is introduced, which is the highest resonant frequency reported to date in CMOS-MEMS technology. In-plane CMOS-MEMS resonators have been fabricated directly on a conventional CMOS substrate with on-chip differential amplifiers. To enhance the output motional current, an electrothermal-actuated electrode is designed to reduce the input/output capacitive gap. A 5 µm-thick, 4 µm-wide, 63 µm-long SFR with fixed electrodes exhibits a quality factor of 996 in vacuum at 6.18MHz.
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