User Tools

Site Tools


buzzword

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revision Previous revision
Next revision
Previous revision
buzzword [2015/04/20 18:16]
rachata
buzzword [2015/04/27 18:20]
rachata
Line 1359: Line 1359:
  
   * Heterogeneous systems   * Heterogeneous systems
-    * Assymmetric ​cores: different types of cores on the chip+    * Asymmetric ​cores: different types of cores on the chip
       * Each of these cores are optimized for different workloads/​requirements/​goals       * Each of these cores are optimized for different workloads/​requirements/​goals
       * Multiple special purpose processors       * Multiple special purpose processors
Line 1393: Line 1393:
     ​     ​
   ​   ​
 +===== Lecture 33 (4/27 Mon.) =====
 +
 +  * Interconnects
 +    * Connecting multiple components together
 +    * Goal: Scalability,​ flexibility,​ performance and energy efficiency
 +  * Metric: Performance,​ bandwidth, bisection bandwidth, cost, energy efficienct, system performance,​ contention, latency
 +    * Saturation point
 +      * Saturation throughput
 +  * Topology
 +    * How to wire components together, affects routing, throughput, latency
 +    * Bus: All nodes connected to a single ring
 +      * Hard to increase frequency, bandwidth, poor scalability but simple
 +    * Point-to-point
 +      * Low contention and potentially low latency. Costly, not scalable and hard to wire.
 +    * Crossbar
 +      * No contention. Concurrent request from different src/dest can be sent concurrently. Costly.
 +    * Multistage logarithmic network
 +      * Indirect network, low contention, multiple request can be sent concurrently. More scalable compared to crossbar.
 +      * Circuit switch
 +      * Omega network, delta network.
 +      * Butterfly network
 +      * Intermediate switch between sources and destinations
 +    * Switching vs. topology
 +    * Ring
 +      * Each node connected to two other nodes, forming a ring
 +      * Low overhead, high latency, not as scalable.
 +      * Unidirectional ring and bi-directional ring
 +    * Hierarchical Rings
 +      * Layers of rings. More scalable, lower latency.
 +      * Bridge router connect multiple rings together
 +    * Mesh
 +      * 4 input and output ports
 +      * More bisection bandwidth and more scalable
 +      * Easy to layout
 +      * Path diversity
 +      * Routers are more complex
 +    * Tree
 +      * Another hierarchical topology
 +      * Specialized topology
 +      * Good for local traffic
 +      * Fat tree: higher level have more bandwidth
 +      * CM-5 Fat tree
 +        * Fat tree with 4x2 switches
 +    * Hypercube
 +      * N-Dimensional cubes
 +      * Caltech cosmic cube
 +      * Very complex
 +  * Routing algorithm
 +    * How does message get sent from source to destination
 +    * Static or adaptive
 +    * Handling contention
 +      * Buffering helps handling contention, but adds complexity
 +    * Three types of routing algorithms
 +      * Deterministic:​ always takes the same path
 +      * Oblivious: takes different paths without taking into account of the state of the network
 +        * For example, Valiant algorithm
 +      * Adaptive: takes different paths taking into account of the state of the network
 +        * Non-minimal adaptive routing vs. minimal adaptive routing
 +      * Minimal path: path that has minimum number of hops
 +  * Buffering and flow control
 +    * How to store within the network
 +    * Handling oversubscription
 +    * Source throttling
 +    * Bufferless vs. buffered crossbars
 +    * Buffer overflow
 +    * Bufferless deflection routing
 +      * Deflect packets when there is contention
 +      * Hot-potato routing
 +
  
-    ​ 
     ​     ​
buzzword.txt ยท Last modified: 2015/04/27 18:20 by rachata