Recognizing that Pei Zhang's class focuses on "how to" implement things with Arduino and focuses upward toward the application, LPSoCA looks "downward" and provides the architectural foundations for low-power systems out of which sensors, low power embedded systems, IoT devices and the like are created. It includes microarchitecture, energy-aware programming, energy harvesting, energy management, and real-time measurement and abstraction of energy usage at runtime. As a part of the course, we will naturally build embedded systems at a level where energy usage can be measured and controlled.